Copyright permission footnotes: gives credit to information you are providing within a text. Content footnotes: provides supplemental information about a given topic.The use of footnotes can often be seen in books and essays. The notes at the bottom of the page serve as a reference list for readers, where they can put a meaning to an unfamiliar word. These can be useful for readers when coming across a term they may not know. Ultimately, footnotes provide additional information to a body of work. Keep the note in the same font and size as the rest of the paper, and double-space the text.

The first line of text is indented five spaces.

The notes should begin with the superscript numeral. These are called “APA footnotes” even when they are listed at the end. You may also list all notes at the end of the paper, after the references page.The notes themselves go at the bottom of the page make sure these appear on the same page as the numeral.

The numeral comes after most punctuation marks, except for a dash if the sentence is in parentheses, put the numeral inside the parenthesis, too.

Signal a footnote in the text with a superscript numeral.

You may use footnotes in an APA-style research paper to further explain content and to provide copyright permission, if necessary. If you feel a lengthy elaboration is warranted, this information is better placed within the text of your writing or as an appendix than as a footnote.Ī sleep study of similarly aged females yielded comparable results (see Footnote 4). It is also important to focus on one singular idea in a footnote rather than multiple lengthy elaborations. However, you must ensure that footnotes do not distract the reader from the main text by including irrelevant or confusing information. Content Footnotesīecause content footnotes provide additional information to the reader - such as clarification or explanation - you don't need to follow any specific format. Indent five spaces from the left margin and insert the footnote text, including the superscript number. If you choose to keep the notes together and place them at the end of the paper, this page should be titled with a level-one heading of 'Footnotes' (without quotes). As the writer, you should choose the most appropriate layout for your paper. Endnotes, however, are listed together on a separate page at the end of the document. A footnote appears at the bottom of the page on which it was inserted. The terms 'footnote' and 'endnote' refer to additional information provided for the reader through the use of superscript numbers and explanatory text.

Footnote book